401(k) Calculator: Complete 2026 Contribution & Retirement Planning Guide
Free 401(k) calculator with 2026 IRS limits, SECURE 2.0 Super Catch-Up calculations, employer match optimization, and inflation-adjusted retirement projections.
2026 401(k) Contribution Limits: Complete IRS Guide
2026 Employee Contribution Limits by Age
- Under Age 50 (Base Limit):$24,000 maximum employee contribution. This is the standard deferral limit for most workers. Contributions can be Traditional (pre-tax) or Roth (after-tax), or a combination of both, but the total cannot exceed $24,000.
- Ages 50-59 (Standard Catch-Up):$24,000 base + $8,000 catch-up = $32,000 total. The catch-up provision allows older workers to accelerate retirement savings. Both Traditional and Roth contributions count toward this limit.
- Ages 60-63 (SECURE 2.0 Super Catch-Up):$24,000 base + $11,250 super catch-up = $35,250 total. This enhanced catch-up is exclusive to ages 60-63 and represents the highest contribution opportunity in your career. At age 64, you revert to the standard $8,000 catch-up.
- Age 64+ (Standard Catch-Up):$24,000 base + $8,000 catch-up = $32,000 total. After the Super Catch-Up window closes at 63, you return to standard catch-up limits.
- Total Annual Addition Limit (415 Limit):The combined total of employee contributions + employer contributions + forfeitures cannot exceed $70,000 (or 100% of compensation, whichever is less). This limit matters for those with generous employer matches or profit-sharing.
SECURE 2.0 Act Changes Affecting 401(k) Contributions
- High-Earner Roth Mandate ($145,000+ Threshold):If your prior-year wages exceed $145,000 and you're 50+, your catch-up contributions must be designated as Roth (after-tax). You cannot make Traditional (pre-tax) catch-up contributions. This affects high earners who would prefer the immediate tax deduction of Traditional contributions.
- Super Catch-Up Window (Ages 60-63 Only):The enhanced $11,250 catch-up is available only during ages 60, 61, 62, and 63โa 4-year window. This is designed to help those closest to retirement make up for lost savings years. Strategic planning: if you're 58, consider maximizing contributions during your upcoming 60-63 window.
- Employer Roth Match Option:Employers can now offer to match contributions directly into your Roth 401(k) account (previously, all matches went to Traditional). This means immediate taxation of the match, but tax-free growth and withdrawals. Check if your employer offers this option.
- IRS Compensation Limit for Match Calculations:Employer matches are calculated on compensation up to $350,000 (2026 limit), not your full salary. If you earn $500,000 and your employer matches 6%, the match is calculated on $350,000 (yielding $21,000 max match), not $500,000.
Employer 401(k) Match: How It Works and How to Maximize It
Understanding Employer Match Formulas
- Dollar-for-Dollar Match (100% Match):Your employer contributes $1 for every $1 you contribute, up to a limit. Example: "100% match up to 4%" means if you contribute 4% of your $100,000 salary ($4,000), your employer adds $4,000. Total: $8,000. Contributing 3% would only yield a $3,000 matchโleaving $1,000 on the table.
- Partial Match (50% Match):Your employer contributes $0.50 for every $1 you contribute, up to a limit. Example: "50% match up to 6%" means if you contribute 6% of your $100,000 salary ($6,000), your employer adds $3,000 (50% of $6,000). Total: $9,000. This is one of the most common match structures.
- Tiered Match:Different match rates at different contribution levels. Example: "100% match on first 3%, then 50% match on next 2%." On a $100,000 salary: First 3% = $3,000 contribution + $3,000 match. Next 2% = $2,000 contribution + $1,000 match. Total: $5,000 your contribution + $4,000 match = $9,000.
- Match Cap vs. Match Limit:Match limit is the percentage of salary eligible for matching (e.g., "up to 6%"). Match cap is the maximum dollar amount (e.g., "$5,000 maximum match"). If your employer has both, the lower constraint applies. On a $200,000 salary with "50% match up to 6%, max $5,000": 6% = $12,000 contribution โ $6,000 calculated match โ capped at $5,000 actual match.
- The Match Efficiency Rule:Always contribute at least enough to capture the full employer match before investing elsewhere. A 50% match is an immediate 50% return on your moneyโno other investment offers guaranteed returns this high. Contributing below the match limit is leaving free money on the table.
Vesting Schedules: When Employer Match Becomes Yours
- Immediate Vesting (0-Year):You own 100% of employer contributions immediately. This is the most employee-friendly schedule but relatively rare.
- Cliff Vesting (Typically 3-Year):You own 0% until you reach the cliff date, then 100%. Example: 3-year cliff means if you leave at month 35, you forfeit all employer contributions. At month 36+, you own 100%. High risk if you leave early.
- Graded Vesting (Typically 5-6 Year):Ownership increases incrementally each year. Common 6-year schedule: Year 1: 0%, Year 2: 20%, Year 3: 40%, Year 4: 60%, Year 5: 80%, Year 6: 100%. Leaving at Year 3 means forfeiting 60% of employer contributions.
- Job Change Calculation:Before accepting a new job, calculate vesting impact. If you have $50,000 in employer match and you're 60% vested, you own $30,000. Leaving forfeits $20,000. The new job's salary increase must offset this forfeiture plus lost future matching to be financially worthwhile.
Traditional vs Roth 401(k): Complete Tax Strategy Comparison
Tax Treatment Differences Explained
- Traditional 401(k) Tax Treatment:Contributions are pre-tax (reduce your taxable income now). Growth is tax-deferred. Withdrawals in retirement are taxed as ordinary income. If you contribute $10,000 in the 24% bracket, you save $2,400 in taxes today. But withdrawing $10,000 in retirement at 22% costs $2,200 in taxes.
- Roth 401(k) Tax Treatment:Contributions are after-tax (no immediate tax benefit). Growth is tax-free. Qualified withdrawals in retirement are completely tax-free. If you contribute $10,000 in the 24% bracket, you've already paid $2,400 in taxes. But withdrawing $100,000 (contribution + growth) in retirement costs $0 in taxes.
- The Break-Even Calculation:If your current marginal tax rate equals your expected retirement tax rate, Traditional typically wins because tax-deferred growth for 20-30 years beats paying taxes upfront. The longer your time horizon, the more Traditional's tax deferral advantage compounds.
- When Traditional Wins:You're in peak earning years (22%+ bracket). You expect lower income in retirement. You live in a high-tax state now but plan to retire in a low/no-tax state. You're within 10-15 years of retirement (less time for Roth's tax-free growth to compound).
- When Roth Wins:You're early career in low brackets (10-12%). You expect higher income/tax rates in retirement. You want to hedge against future tax rate increases. You're already maxing Traditional and want tax diversification. You have a very long time horizon (20+ years).
- Tax Diversification Strategy:Many financial advisors recommend splitting contributions between Traditional and Roth to hedge against tax rate uncertainty. Example: 70% Traditional, 30% Roth provides flexibility to withdraw from the optimal account based on your retirement tax situation.
Retirement Withdrawal Strategies and Safe Withdrawal Rates
The 4% Rule and Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR) Explained
- The 4% Rule Basics:Withdraw 4% of your initial retirement balance in year one, then adjust for inflation each subsequent year. Example: $1,000,000 balance โ $40,000 first year ($3,333/month). Year two with 3% inflation โ $41,200. This approach historically sustained portfolios for 30+ years in 95% of scenarios.
- Why 3.5% May Be Safer for 2026+:Current research suggests 3.5% SWR for early retirees (30+ year retirements) or those concerned about sequence-of-returns risk. Lower yields on bonds and higher valuations on stocks increase the risk of the original 4% rule failing. Our calculator defaults to 3.5% for conservative planning.
- Tax Impact on Withdrawals:Traditional 401(k) withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. A $40,000 withdrawal in the 22% federal bracket (plus 5% state) nets only $29,200 after taxes. Roth withdrawals are tax-free, so $40,000 withdrawal = $40,000 in pocket. This is why the calculator shows both gross and after-tax withdrawal amounts.
- Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs):Starting at age 73 (75 for those born 1960+), you must withdraw minimum amounts from Traditional 401(k)s annually. RMDs are calculated based on IRS life expectancy tables and your account balance. Failure to take RMDs results in a 25% penalty on the amount not withdrawn. Roth 401(k)s are subject to RMDs unless rolled over to a Roth IRA.
- Tax-Efficient Withdrawal Order:General guidance: 1) Withdraw from taxable accounts first (capital gains rates). 2) Withdraw from Traditional accounts to "fill up" lower tax brackets. 3) Preserve Roth accounts for tax-free growth and flexibility. 4) Consider Roth conversions in low-income years to reduce future RMDs.